They are highly valuable agro-foresty ecosystems, widely distributed over the Iberian Peninsula. Dehesas cover about 2.5 million in Spain, and 80% of this surface is in Andalusia and Extremadura regions, playing a key role in the rural development of the region. These ecosystems based their productivity on a sustainable use of multiple resources (crops, livestock, wildlife and natural services), and although these areas are used to highly variable climate conditions, and summer dry periods, an increase in drought intensity and frequency and changes in agricultural practices have caused this ecosystem degradation.